A magnetic sensor is a device that converts changes in the magnetic properties of a sensitive element, caused by external factors such as magnetic fields, current, stress, strain, temperature, and light, into electrical signals to detect the corresponding physical quantities. When the magnetic field changes, electromotive force or resistance changes are generated in the conductor or magnetic-sensitive material. By measuring these changes in electrical quantities, the magnetic field strength or other related physical quantities can be indirectly measured. Based on its working principle and the type of sensitive element, common types of magnetic sensors include Hall sensors, magnetoresistive sensors, magnetic induction sensors, and magnetic capacitance sensors.